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This volume reviews the current understanding of the§taxonomy, disease syndromes, genetics, biology, and pathogenic factors of Histophilus somni , as well as the host§immune response to this pathogen. H.§somni is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in cattle and other§ruminants, and its virulence factors are highly conserved with Haemophilus influenzae and other members§of the Pasteurellaceae . H. somni has been recognized as a major§cause of thrombotic meningoencephalitis, respiratory disease syndromes,§myocarditis, reproductive disease syndromes, polyarthritis, mastitis, ocular§disease, and septicemia. The only known habitats of H. somni are the mucosal surfaces of ruminants, making this§bacterium an opportunistic pathogen. Although it is capable of causing§inflammation at systemic sites and is toxic to epithelial and phagocytic cells,§the bacterium's wide array of virulence factors act primarily as a defense§against, or to escape recognition from, host innate and adaptive immunity.§