4D Printing of Composites

4D printing is positioned to provide a disruptive transformation in how products are designed and manufactured. As a result of the development of functionalized and smart feedstock systems, 4D printing has introduced novel models for developing special feature enabled products that can serve a wide range of scientific and engineering applications, including recent breakthroughs in regenerative biomedicine, food, and construction. In addition, the unique combination of composite materials and 4D-printing methods allows us to exploit the characteristics and stimuli features of composites to create shape memory effects for various applications. 4D Printing of Composites: Methods and Applications provides comprehensive coverage of the theory behind this emerging technology, its impact on materials development, functional characterization, and the technical details required for readers to investigate novel emerging applications. The advantages and limitations of the technology are discussed in detail as well as laboratory developments, industrial implications, commercialization, and avenues for future development. The book will be a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers working in materials science, mechanical engineering, and product design and those working in composite materials development and manufacturing engineering in various industries. Provides in-depth technical discussion on the mechanisms of 4D printing for compositesCovers 4D printing process modelling and optimizationIncludes mathematical/simulation studies of composite 4D printingExamines multi-material 4D printing of different composite materialsDiscusses 4D printing features of developed industrial products and their characterization